Emerging Security Sector Leaders Seminar

Seminar

June 5–23, 2023

English | Français | Português

Information Note
Schedule
Syllabus
Biographies

Keynote

Presented by:

His Excellency Dr. Ernest Bai Koroma, Former President of Sierra Leone

Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “‘Those You Work for Are the People’: His Excellency Ernest Bai Koroma’s Keynote Address,” Spotlight, June 7, 2023.

Session 1

Security Implications of African Megatrends

Presented by:

1. Dr. Danielle Resnick

2. Dr. Assis Malaquias
   [slides]

Reading:

• Raymond Gilpin, “Unpacking the implications of future trends for security in Africa.” Brookings, 2020.
• KPMG & The Mowat Center, Future State 2030: The global megatrends shaping governments, 2014.
• Luka Kuol, “COVID-19: A call for people-centered national security strategy in Africa,” Peace Research Institute Oslo (PRIO), 2020.
• Julia Bello-Schünemann et al. African Futures: Key Trends to 2035. Institute for Security Studies, 2017.

Session 2

Violence and Conflict Patterns

Presented by:

1. Dr. Paul Williams
   [slides]

2. Dr. Clionadh Raleigh
   [slides]

Reading:

• Jakkie Cilliers, “Violence in Africa: trends, drivers and prospects to 2023.” Institute for Security Studies, 2018.
• Ingrid Vik Bakken and Siri Aas Rustad, “Conflict Trends in Africa, 1989-2017.” PRIO Conflict Trends 06, 2018.
• “Africa and the Rule of Law: Statement of the International Development Legal Organization.” May 18, 2016.

Session 3

Violent Extremism in Africa

Presented by:

1. Dr. Anouar Boukhars

2. Ms. Nirina Kiplagat
   [slides]

Reading:

• Anouar Boukhars, “Trajectories of Violence Against Civilians by Africa’s Militant Islamist Groups,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies Spotlight, 2022.
  Français | Português
• Gregory Pirio, Robert Pittelli, and Yussuf Adam, “The Many Drivers Enabling Violent Extremism in Northern Mozambique,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, 2019.
  Français
• “Burkina Faso: sortir de la spirale des violences.” International Crisis Group, 2020.
  English

Session 4

Transnational Organized Crime: Impacts in Africa

Presented by:

1. Mr. Martin Ewi

2. Dr. Catherine Lena Kelly

Reading:

• Mark Shaw, “Africa’s Changing Place in the Global Criminal Economy,” ENACT Continental Report 1, 2017.
  Français
• African Union, “Communique of the 845^th Peace and Security Council meeting on Organized Transnational Crime, Peace, and Security in Africa,” 2019.
  Français
• Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “Executive Summary: Enhancing Security-Justice Coordination to Counter Transnational Organized Crime,” 2021.
  Français | Português

Session 5

Cyber Threats: What Security Sector Leaders Must Know

Presented by:

1. Dr. Nathaniel Allen
   [slides]

2. Dr. Nnenna Ifeanyi-Ajufo
   [slides]

Reading:

• Nathaniel Allen, “Africa’s Evolving Cyber Threats,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies Spotlight, 2021.
  Français
• Mourad El Manir, “L’Afrique face aux défis protéiformes du cyberespace,” Policy Center for the New South, 2019.
• Abdul-Hakeem Ajijola and Nate D.F. Allen, “African Lessons in Cyber Strategy,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies Spotlight, 2022.
  Français
• ENACT and INTERPOL, Online Organized Crime from the Surface to the Darkweb, INTERPOL Analytical Report, 2020.

Session 6

African Responses to Maritime Security Threats

Presented by:

1. Dr. Assis Malaquias
   [slides]

2. CAPT Loic Moudouma

Reading:

• Ifesenachi Okafor-Yarwood, “Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and the complexities of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) for countries in the Gulf of Guinea,” Marine Policy, vol. 99 (January), p. 414-422, 2019.
• Richard Wetaya, “Blue economy seen as a catalyst for Africa’s economic resurgence,” Alliance for Science, 2022.
• Pieter Brits and Michelle Nel, “African maritime security and the Lomé Charter: Reality or dream?” African Security Review 27 (3-4): 226–244, 2018.
• United Nations, “Africa’s Blue Economy a Policy Handbook,” 2016.

Session 7

Youth, Peace, and Security

Presented by:

1. Mr. Edmund Akoto Bamfo

2. Ms. Cynthia Chigwenya

Reading:

• African Union, “Continental Framework for Youth, Peace and Security,” 2020.
  Français
• Peter Biar Ajak, “African Youth Engaging in Peace and Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, 2021.
  Français
• Daniel Agbiboa, “Youth as Tactical Agents of Peacebuilding and Development in the Sahel,” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development, Vol. 10 (3), September 2015.

Session 8

Women, Peace, and Security

Presented by:

1. Ms. Peace Ibekwe
   [slides]

2. Dr. Dorina Bekoe

Reading:

• Bineta Diop and Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, “African Women Leaders Network: A Movement for the Transformation of Africa,” Africa Renewal, 2020.
  Français
• African Union, African Union Strategy for Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment, 2018-2028.
  Français | Português
• African Union Commission, Continental Results Framework: Monitoring and Reporting on the Implementation of the Women, Peace, and Security Agenda in Africa (2018-2028).
  Français
• Aisha Fofana Ibrahim, Alex Sivalie Mbayo & Rosaline McCarthy, “Understanding the Links Between Gender and Security,” in Tool 8: Integrating Gender in Security Sector Reform and Governance, Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 2015, pp. 3-15.
  Português

Session 9

Democratization-Security Nexus

Presented by:

1. Dr. Joseph Siegle
   [slides]

2. Dr. Sophia Moestrup

Reading:

• Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi, “Aspirations and Realities in Africa: Democratic Delivery Falls Short,” Journal of Democracy 30:3, 2019.
• Emmanuel Gyimah-Boadi, “Le recul démocratique en Afrique de l’Ouest: Caractéristiques, causes, et solutions,” Kofi Annan Foundation, 2021.
• Joseph Siegle and Candace Cook, “Infographic: Circumvention of Term Limits Weakens Governance in Africa,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies Spotlight, 2020 (updated May 17, 2021).
  Français
• Peter Fabricius, “African Coups are Making a Comeback,” Institute for Security Studies-Africa, 2021.
  Français

Session 10

Rule of Law and Security Sector Governance

Presented by:

1. Catherine Lena Kelly
   [slides]

2. Brigadier General (Professor) Dan Kuwali
   [slides]

Reading:

• Charles Manga Fombad, “An Overview of the Crisis of the Rule of Law in Africa,” African Human Rights Law Journal 18, 213-243, 2018.
• Catherine Lena Kelly, “Justice and Rule of Law Key to African Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, 2021.
  Français
• Godfrey Musila, “Why Justice Matters for Security,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, 2018.
  Français
• “Security Sector Governance,” Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance (DCAF), 2015.
  Français

Session 11

Strategic Leadership in Africa’s Security Sector

Presented by:

1. Dr. Nancy Walker

2. Brigadier General (ret.) Joyce Puta
   [slides]

Reading:

• Ben Ramalingam et al, “5 Principles to Guide Adaptive Leadership,” Harvard Business Review, September 11, 2020.
• Regina Eckert and Simon Rweyongoze, “Leadership Development in Africa: A Focus on Strengths,” Center for Creative Leadership, 2015.
• Kwesi Aning and Joseph Siegle, “Deep Commitment, High Expectations: The Values of the Next Generation of African Security Sector Leaders,” Africa Defense Forum, July 12, 2018.
  Français
• Sam Adeyemi, “Africa does not Need Charity, it Needs Good Leadership,” World Economic Forum on Africa, May 4, 2017.

Session 12

Reframing Civil-Military Relations

Presented by:

1. Colonel (ret.) Tim Mitchell

2. Ms. Susan Stigant

Reading:

• Christopher Day, Moses Khisa and William Reno, “Rethinking the Civil-Military Conundrum in Africa,” Civil Wars Vol 22(2-3) pp. 156-173, 2020.
• Nathaniel Allen and Luka Kuol, “Civil-Military Relations and Sudan’s Treacherous Path to Democracy,” Texas National Security Review, 2021.
• Oluwakemi Okenyodo, “Governance, Accountability, and Security in Nigeria,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Africa Security Brief, 2016.
  Français | Português
• Adedeji Ebo, “Towards a Code of Conduct for Armed and Security Forces in Africa: Opportunities and Challenges,” DCAF, 2005.

Session 13

Professionalism in Africa’s Security Sector

Presented by:

1. Dr. Emile Ouedraogo
   [slides]

2. Dr. Ibrahim Wani

Reading:

• Emile Ouedraogo, “Advancing Military Professionalism in Africa,” Research Paper No. 6. Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Page 1-3, 2014.
  Français | Português
• Kwesi Aning and Joseph Siegle, “Assessing Attitudes of the Next Generation of African Security Sector Professionals,” Research Paper No. 7. Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Page 1-2, 2019.
  Français | Português
• David Novy, “Professionalism in the Armed Forces,” Research Report, Air War College. Page iv, 2017.
• African Union, 2014, “African Union Policy Framework on Security Sector Reform,” Addis Ababa: African Union, Page 16.

Session 14

National Security Strategy Development and Implementation

Presented by:

1. Dr. Joel Amegboh
   [slides]

2. Dr. Luka Kuol
   [slides]

Reading:

• Africa Center for Strategic Studies, “National Security Strategy Development in Africa: Toolkit for Drafting and Consultation.”
  Français | Português
• Luka Kuol and Joel Amegboh, “Rethinking National Security Strategies in Africa,” Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy. Vol. 9 (1): 1-17, 2021.
• African Union, “The Solemn Declaration on Common African Defense and Security Policy,” Addis Ababa, 2004.
  Français
• Africa Union, “Policy Framework on Security Sector Reform,” Addis Ababa, 2013.
  Français | Português

Session 15

Managing Security Resources in Africa

Presented by:

1. Lieutenant General (ret.) Njuki Mwaniki
   [slides]

2. Dr. Willene Johnson

Reading:

• Bernard Harborne, William Dorotinsky and Paul Bisca (Eds.), “Securing Development: Public Finance and the Security Sector,” The World Bank. Pg. 7-14, 25-47, 2017.
  Français
• Luka Kuol and Joel Amegboh, “Rethinking National Security Strategies in Africa,” Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy. Vol 9(1): 1-17, 2021.
• Chimere Iheonu, Kingsley Odo and Davidmac Ekeocha, “Estimating the effect of democracy, governance and militarization on peace in Africa,” Research Africa Network, WP/20/046, 2020.
• Maurice Ogbonnaya, “Has counter-terrorism become a profitable business in Nigeria,” Institute for Security Studies (ISS), 2020.

Session 16

Regional Responses to Security Threats: Early Warning and Early Response

Presented by:

1. Dr. Abdou Lat Guèye
   [slides]

2. Mr. Camlus Omogo

Reading:

• Getachew Zeru Gebrekidan and Messay Asgedom Gobena, “Rethinking IGAD’s Role in Addressing Emerging Regional Security Threats,” Wilson Center, 2021.
• Mark Whitlock and Robert Muggah, “Reflections on the evolution of conflict early warning,” International Journal of Security and Development. 10 (1), 2022.
• Herbert Wulf and Tobias Debiel, “Conflict Early Warning and Response Mechanisms: tools for enhancing the effectiveness of regional organizations,” Crisis States Working Papers Series No. 2, 2009.
• WANEP, “Annual Report 2021: Adapting Resilient Approaches and Synergies to Peacebuilding in the ‘New Normal’,” 2021.
  Français

Session 17

African Union Responses to Security Challenges

Presented by:

1. H.E. Ambassador Michel Xavier Biang

Reading:

• Paul Nantulya, “The African Union at 20: Much Accomplished, More Challenges Ahead,” Africa Center for Strategic Studies, Spotlight, 2022.
  Français
• Paul Williams, “The African Union’s Role in Peace Operations in Africa,” Testimony Before U.S. House of Representatives, 2019.
• African Union, African Peace and Security Architecture, “APSA Roadmap 2016 – 2020,” April 2016, pp. 1-22.
• Rafaela Pinto Serpa, “A União Africana e o gerenciamento de conflitos no continente: a Arquitetura de Paz e Segurança Africana (APSA),” 2017.

Session 18

United Nations Responses to Security Challenges in Africa

Presented by:

1. Dr. Boubacar N’Diaye

2. Brigadier General Birame Diop

Reading:

• “Pathways for Peace: Inclusive Approaches to Preventing Violent Conflict, Executive Summary,” United Nations and The World Bank, 2018.
  Français
• UN Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs (DPPA).
  Français
• UN DPPA, “Partnerships and Cooperation: African Union.”
  Français

Session 19

United States Government Security Assistance and Partnership in Africa

Presented by:

1. Ms. Chidi Blyden

2. Mr. Robert Scott

Reading:

• General Thomas Waldhauser, “United States Africa Command 2022 Posture Statement,” 2022.
• U.S. Department of State Bureau of Conflict and Stabilization Operations, “United States Strategy to Prevent Conflict and Promote Stability,” 2022.
• Aline LeBoeuf, “La compétition stratégique en Afrique. Approches militaires américaine, chinois, et russe,” Focus stratégique 91, Institut Français des Relations Internationales, pp. 17-18, 33-43 et l’annexe, 2019.

Session 20

Leveraging Donor Assistance

Presented by:

1. Ms. Kabagambe Davis

Reading:

• Lina Benabdallah, “China-Africa military ties have deepened. Here are 4 things to know,” The Washington Post Monkey Cage blog, July 6, 2018.
• Nick Turse, “U.S. General Worry About Rising Russian and Chinese Influence in Africa, Documents Show,” The Intercept, August 13, 2019.
• Moderan, O. (2015). Political Leadership and National Ownership of Security Sector Reform Processes. Toolkit for Security Sector Reform and Governance in West Africa, 3.
• Watts, Steve. “Identifying and Mitigating Risks in Security Sector Assistance for Africa’s Fragile States.” Rand Corporation 2015.