Indlu yoMvikeli woMphakathi ePitori, eNingizimu Afrika (Isithombe: IHhovisi loMvikeli woMphakathi)Uphenyo oluqhubekayo mayelana nezinsolo zokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uMengameli waseNingizimu Afrika uCryril Ramaphosa wephule uhide lwemithetho yaseNingizimu Afrika ngesikhathi kutholakala u-$580 000 ufakwe kusofa epulazini lakhe likanokusho lomdlalo wokunethezeka iPhala Phala ngoFebhuwari 2020 kuyisikhumuzo sokuthi kuyinselele eqhubekayo ukwenza iziphathimandla eziphezulu zikahulumeni zilandise. Uma kuyiqiniso, lezi zinsolo zizosho ukuthi uMengameli uRamaphosa wephule imithetho elawula imali etholakala ekuthengiselaneni kwamabhizinisi angaphandle, ukuphathwa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe, ukubika ngokushesha ubugebengu, nemithetho yokuziphatha. Ngaphezulu kwalokho, uphenyo lwephalamende lwathola ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uRamaphosa uwasebenzise kabi amandla akhe ngoyaleza inhloko ye-Presidential Protection Unit yakhe, kunokuba aye emaphoyiseni, ukuba ibambe abaphangi ngokuyimfihlo.
“Amazinga ahlukene ophenyo nokwengamela amandla okubusa eNingizimu Afrika …ayasiza ukwenza iziphathimandla zomphakathi ezinamandla ukuba zilandise.”
Amacala eza ngemumva kobumengameli bukaJacob Zuma obekade bugcwele inkohlakalo kanye nokukhathazeka okubanzi kokuthi uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ububhekene nokubanjwa kombuso umkhakha wangasese kanye namathonya ohumuleni bangaphandle. Lezi zingxoxo zihlala zigcwele njengoba iqembu elibusayo i-African National Congress (ANC) liqhubeka nezimpi ezinzima zangaphakathi ngekusasa leqembu phakathi kwalandeli baka Zuma noRamaphosa, okubalwa phakathi kwalabo okuthiwa bahlomulile ngokubanjwa kombuso nalabo abangathanda ukubuyisela i-ANC- kube iqembu likaNelson Mandela nezinye izibonelo zobuhoili zokuziphatha-nakunkazimulo yangaphambili.
Ngokuvamile ukunganakwa kwamazinga ahlukene ophenyo kanye nokwengamela amandla okubusa eNingizimu Afrika kubonakala ngokucacile ekuyeni emumva naphambili kophenyo lwenkohlakalo olwaziwa ngokuthi i-farmgate nakuba kusizile ekuqwashiseni umphakathi ngezenzo ezingalungile kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi iziphathimandla zomphakathi ezinamandla ziyalandisa. Nakuba kungaphelele futhi ngezinye izikhathi kunzima, lokhu kuhlola nokuqinisekisa kunikeza ukuqonda ekuzinzeni kwentando yeningi yaseNingizimu Afrika nokubusa kwentando yeningi-futhi kunikeza umhlahlandlela amanye amazwe ase-Afrika ukuthi aba
Ngesikhathi ethatha izintambo, uRamaphosa wagxila ekuqiniseni izikhungo zokwengamela eNingizimu Afrika njengento ephambili ukuze kulungiswe ukusetshenziswa budedengu kwamandla kanye nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwezinsiza zomphakathi ngaphansi kukamanduleli wakhe.
Wafeza isithembiso sokusungula Ikhomishana Ezimele Yezobulungiswa Ephenya Ngezinsolo Zobanjwa Kombuso—isinqumo esibopha ngokomthetho esakhishwa nguMvikeli Womphakathi ngo-2016 nakuba uhulumeni kaZuma uzame ukumisa. URamaphosa usethole konke okutholakele kulolu phenyo kanye nokusikisela kweKhomishana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa uhlelo olunamaphuzu angu-12 olubanzi lokudala isikhungo esisha esizimele sokulwa nenkohlakalo esineziphathimandla zokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho, izichibiyelo zomthetho ezintsha ezizokwenza ukuqokwa koMqondisi kaZwelonke Wezokushushiswa Komphakathi kube sobala, izinqubo ezintsha okukhetha abaholi nezimenenja zezinkampani zikahulumeni ,ukuvalwa izikhala zobudedengu mayelana okuxhaswa kwezimali kwamaqembu ezombusazwe, nokuqhubeka nophenyo olwengeziwe ezinhlakeni zikahulumeni, kanye noshintsho olubanzi kakhulu wezobunhloli kusukela ngo-1994.
Lapho imininingwane emayelana ne-farmgate ivela ngo-2022, izindlela zokwengamela eziningi zaqala ukusebenza—ngezinye izikhathi zisebenza ngokubambisana, ngezinye izikhathgi zisebenza zizimele.
Ukulandisa okokuqala kumele kwenzeke kulo iqembu elibusayo ngokwalo. IKhomishana yoBuqotho ye-ANC, enegunya elizimele lokuphenya futhi ijezise abaholi bemaqembu – okuhlanganisa noMengameli we-ANC – yethule uphenyo lwayo yabiza uRamaphosa ukuba avele phambi kwayo ukuze azichazele. IKhomishana Yobuqotho, ngokwamazinga ahlukene, iwenze ngokuzimisela lo msebenzi. Okuphawulekayo okukodwa ukuthi, emhlanganweni we-National Executive Committee(NEC), iKhomishana iveze ukuthi inkohlakalo yasePhala Phala “iphakathi kwezinye zezinto eziwu-55 ezibangele ukwahlukana ku-ANC.” Nakuba kunjalo, kunokuba ithumele umbiko wayo wokugcina ku-NEC, iKhomishana yahlehlela emuva ngenxa yokungenzeki kwezinto ngokwesimiso: yathi abantu abangaphansi kophenyo (kuleli cala uRamaphosa) banqatshelwe ukuxoxa ngamacala abo phambi kwezinye izinhlaka.
Izakhamuzi zimelana nabaholi be-ANC ehholo elisedolobheni. (Isithombe: Ihsaan Haffejee)
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iPhalamende , yaseNingizimu Afrika yamisa ithimba elizimele ukuba luphenye loludaba ngo-Okthoba 2022. Kungakapheli nenyanga limisiwe, leli thimba lathola ukuthi isenzo sikaMengameli Ramaphosa, empeleni, sibonisa izinto eziningi ezingafaneleki ezibonisa ukuthi umthetho uphuliwe. Ngokuqondile, ibuze incazelo yakhe yokuthi imali yayivela ekuthengiseni izinyathi kusomabhizinisi waseSudan, ibuza futhi ukuthi kungani izilwane zisekhona epulazini eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-2 kamuva. Futhi ayizange ibuthole ubufakazi bokuthi lemali yangena eNingizimu Afrika kuMgcinimafa. IPhalamende liphinde laveza ukuthi uRamaphosa akazange abike emaphoyiseni njengoba kudingekile, kunalokho uthumele inhloko yemininingwane yokuzivikela ukuthi ilandele izigilamkhuba. Yaphetha ngokuthi uMongameli uzifaka ekungqubuzaneni nomthetho, yanezela ngokuthi “angase abe necala lokwephula [izigaba ezithile] zoMthethosisekelo.” Lo mbiko kwadingidwa ngawo ePhalamende ngoDisemba 14, 2022, kodwa iningi le-ANC lavotela ukuthi ungamukeleki (bangu-148 bavumelana nombiko, abangu-214 bawuphikisa, abawu-2 abazange bavote). Amanye amalungu aphezulu ezinkambeni ezincintisanayo eqenjini avele angabi khona.
Ongoti bezomthetho baseNingizimu Afrika abajwayelene naleli cala baphawula ukuthi umbuzo wenkulumo-mpikiswano wawudukisa njengoba uphathelene nendlela yokuqulwa kwecala esikhundleni sokuqukethwe okwatholwa. Ngokubonisa kwamazinga amaningi okulandisa eNingizimu Afrika, nokho, ukwehluleka kwePhalamende ukuqhubeka necala kungase kuvule ithuba lokuba licutshungulwe futhi lijeziswe yiNkantolo Yomthethosisekelo ngokusekelwe kulokho okwakamuva. Ngezi-29 Disemba 2017, le Nkantolo yakhipha isinqumo esiyingqopha-mlando sokuthi iPhalamende lahluleka ukubeka uMengameli wangaphambili uJacob Zuma icalangenkohlakalo yokusebenzisa imali yomphakathi ukulungisa umuzi wakhe ngezigidi zamaRandi. Lesi sinqumo sabeka indinganiso yomthethosisekelo emacaleni azayo athinta ukusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla.
Esinye isikhungo esizimele, uMvikeli Womphakathi, sethule uphenyo oluhlukile—futhi olusaqhubeka— ngemva kokuthola isikhalazo esivela kumalungu omphakathi ngokuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uMongameli wephule uMthetho Wokuziphatha Kwamalungu Aphezulu. Lapho liphendula imibuzo yamasekela aphikisayo ngo-Okthoba 2022, iHhovisi Lomvikeli Womphakathi lathi lithole “inqwaba yobufakazi kofakazi” futhi lisaqhubeka nophenyo lwalo, oluzovezwa obala njengoba kudingwa umthetho. UMvikeli Womphakathi angaphenya noma yiliphi ihhovisi noma isikhulu. Lokhu kungaqalwa abantu abahlukumezekile noma izinhlangano—ngisho nezakhamuzi ngazinye. Ngokungafani nabanye abavikeli bomphakathi bakwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika nakwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, okutholwe nguMvikeli Womphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika kubophezela ngokomthetho.
Ihhovisi loMvikeli woMphakathi esifundazweni saseLimpopo. (Isithombe: Ihhovisi loMvikeli woMphakathi)
Ngesikhathi sokwengamela kukaZuma uMvikeli woMphakathi wenze uphenyo olubili olubalulekile okwaholela ekutheni kube nemibiko emibili ebalulekile: “Ngivikelekile ekunethezekeni,” mayelana nokusetshenziswa budedengu kwemali yabakhokhi bentela ngokuqiniswa kwezokuphepha emzini kaZuma, kanye “uKuthunjwa koMbuso,” mayelana nokuthunjwa ngendlela ehlelekile kwezikhungo zikahulumeni kanye nezinsiza zithathwa izikhungo ezizimele ezixhumene noZuma. Lolu phenyo olubili lwaveza izinqubo eziningi ezihambisana nomthetho kanye nomthethosisekelo ezagcina ziholele ekukhishweni kukaZuma njengoMengameli, wagcina evalelwe ejele. Njengoba esesichithile isikhathi ejele ngenxa yokwedelela inkantolo, manje ulindele ukuqhubeka kwecala lakhe lenkohlakalo.
Amaqembu aphikisayo, olunye uhlaka olubalulekile oluqinisekisa ukulandisa embusweni wentando yeningi, ahlela ukufaka izicelo ezinkantolo, aphindele emuva ezinhlelweni zamasu zokumangalela ezethulwa kubungameli bukaZuma. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo yalalela isicelo sikaMengameli Ramaphosa sokubeka eceleni umbiko wePhalamende ngezizathu zokuthi awukho emthethweni. I-African Transformation Movement (ATM), okuyiqembu lezepolitiki elidabuka ku-South African Council of Churches, yafaka isicelo sokuphikisa ngokuthi uRamaphosa akazange asebenzise zonke izinqubo zezinkantolo eziphansi futhi umbiko kunoma yikuphi angeke ubekwe eceleni ngoba uqukethe ukusikisela futhi awubophi. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo yabe isikhipha isinqumo sokuthi umengameli wehlulekile ukubeka izizathgu zokuthi kungani iNkantolo kufanele ingenelele, yavuemelana nesicelo se-ATM nezinhlangano zomphakathi sokuthi imiphumela yombiko wasePhala Phala kufanele uphele ngenkulumompikiswano yasephalamende.
I-ATM iphinde yacela iNkantolo eNkulu yaseWestern Cape ukuthi yenze isinqumo sikaSomlomo sokwenqaba isicelo samaqembu aphikisayo sokuvota okuyimfihlo ukuthi asikho emthethweni futhi singqubuzana nomthethosisekelo. Esikhundleni salokho, i-ATM icela iNkantolo ukuthi iguqule lesi sinqumo ngomyalelo wokuthi amalungu avunyelwe ukuvota ngokuyimfihlo embikweni (ngaleyo ndlela kwehliswe ingcindezi ye-ANC yokuthi amalungu akhulule uRamaphosa kunoma isiphi isenzo esingalungile).
Izikhalazo ezenziwa yizinhlangano zomphakathi kanye namaqembu aphikisayo izinkantolozifakazela ukuzimela kwezobulungisa kwezomthetho—eziphakathi kwezikhungo ezethenjwa kakhulu eNingizimu Afrika.
Ngokuhambisana nalezi zindlela ezisemthethweni zokwengamela, abezindaba bayaqhubeka nokwenza uphenyo lwabo. Ngokufuna ukubeka izinto obala okulindeleke kuhulumeni wentando yeningi, abezindaba baseNingizimu Afrika banedumela elizuzwe kahle lokubika okuzimele kanye nekhono elibonisiwe lokuphenya. Iqhaza laboo ohlelweni lokulandisa livamise ukubonakala kakhulu lapho izinhlangano zezindaba zasiza ukuvusa uphenyo lwangaphambili loMvikeli Womphakathi mayelana nokuthunjwa kombuso. Ukusakazwa kwabezindaba ubusuku nemini ngezingxoxo zomphakathi ezenziwa yiKhomishana Yezobulungiswa Ephenya Ngezinsolo Zokuthunjwa Kombuso kwasiza ukwazisa umphakathi ngezinga lokuthunjwa kombuso kanye nezinhlangano ezikhuthaza umphakathi, okuhlanganisa amasonto, izinyunyana zabasebenzi, izinhlangano zabameli, kanye amaqembu aphansi afana nenhlangano yeSave South Africa.
“Ukulandisa komphakathi akusiwo umsebenzi wenhlangano eyodwa noma umuntu.”
Inhlanganisela yezindlela zokwengamela ezisemthethweni nezingekho emthethweni eNingizimu Afrika igqamisa ukuthi ukulandisa emphakathi akuphumi enhlanganweni eyodwa noma kumuntu oyedwa. Uma indlela eyodwa yokwengamela ihlulekile ukusebenza ngokufanele ukuba ihlole ukungalungi okungaba khona, ezinye izinhlaka ziyakwenza. ENingizimu Afrika, ukuze kuhlolwe iPhalamende elibuswa kakhulu yi-ANC kanye neKhomishana Yobuqotho ye-ANC, okuze kube manje abantu baseNingizimu Afrika balahlekelwe ithemba lokuthi izikhulu ziyoke zilandise, abantu baseNingizimu Afrika abavamile bathembele ezindleleni zabo eziqinisekile zokuxoxisana nabezindaba kanye nokuxhumana nabantu kanye namasu okumangalela, izicelo ezizimele, kanye nezinkulumo mpikiswano zemiphakathi.
Lawa amaqhinga asukela emuva ezenzweni ezingenalo udlame zokulwa nobandlululo futhi aphinde agxila ekulondolozeni intando yeningi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni wangemva kobandlululo kanye ne-ANC uqobo bayalandisa. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika wabhekana nengcindezi enjengalena nangesikhathi sokuphatha kukaNelson Mandela. Eqinisweni, uphenyo lwasekuqaleni lwenkontileka yokuthengwa kwempahla yokuvikela engu-$2 billion efakwe ephepheni lamacala kaZuma belulokhu lusaqhubeka kusukela kwaphatha uThabo Mbeki (lapho uZuma ayeyiPhini likaMengameli). Lokhu kwavela ekubhekeni okuhlelekile nokuqhubekayo komphakathi, okuhlanganisa uhide lwamacala okuhambisana namasu okumangalela.
Abanye abantu baseNingizimu Afrika bathathe isinqumo sokuthi, uma kubhekwa izindela zikaRamaphosa zokulwela izinguquko, noma yiluphi uphenyo kumele luncishiswe. Umphakathi kanye nezingqalabutho asebethathe umhlalaphansi bathatha umbono ohlukile. Kubo, umbono wokuthi uRamaphosa kufanele axolelwe ngoba ungongcono kunabo bonke eNingizimu Afrika kumalungu anenkohlakalo unephutha elikhulu futhi ukhombisa ubunzima obubhekene ne-ANC. Baphikisa ngokuthi ukuziphatha kabi esikhundleni kufanele kungamukeleki ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo, ngaphandle kwalapho ukulandisa kungasekho.
Ithathelwe ku-Joseph Siegle, “Ukuqinisekisa ukulandisa ngoKwentando Yeningi Ezindaweni Zezifunda Ezinomkhawulo.”
Izinqinamba kuNingizimu Afrika Ekuqhubekeni Phambili
Iqiniso ukuthi, iNingizimu Afrika ibhekene nenkinga enkulu yokuphatha. Ngisho nabalandeli bakaRamaphosa abazinikele kakhulu bayavuma ukuthi isikhundla sakhe sobumengameli sonakaliswe yizinsolo ze-farmgate. Noma kunjalo, iNingizimu Afrika iyazuza emandleni okuzilungisa uma kubhekwa amasiko ayo okulwela umphakathi, ukuxoxisana nomphakathi, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezisezingeni eliphezulu elizimele kanye nabezindaba.
Isimo kanye namazinga okuxoxisana nomphakathi agxile kangangoba kuba ngisho ne-ANC ayingakwazi ukumelana nalesi simo. Iphendula ngokungagculiseki komphakathi ngesenzo sabaholi baphambilini, i-ANC ivumele, ingcindezi eqhamuka ngaphansi ngokukhipha omengameli ababili kulandelana, uThabo Mbeki noJacob Zuma. Ambalwa amanye amaqembu abusayo emhlabeni wonke angakwenza lokhu.
UDesmond Tutu uhlanganyela nabanye abaholi bezenkolo kanye nohlu olubanzi lwezinhlangano zomphakathi ngemashi ka-2014 ebizwa ngokuthi “Inqubo Yokufakaza” ekuvikeleni indima yoMvikeli Womphakathi. (Isithombe:AFP/ Rodger Bosch)
Ekugcineni, kwaba ukunganeliseki komphakathi kanye nokubhikisha komphakathi okwaphoqa i-ANC ukuthi ithathe isinyathelo. Lokhu kukhomba indima ebalulekile yokuqapha komphakathi. Abantu baseNingizimu Afrika baqamba imishwana edumile ethi “ukulwa okuvela ngaphandle” kanye “nokwaziswa ngobuhlakani kweningi” ezakha isiko lokubhikisha, amasiko entando yeningi, kanye nokusebenzelana kwamasu okusekelwe emzabalazweni omkhulu wokulwa nobandlululo. La masiko azisa isiko lokusungula le-ANC. Nokho izinhlangano zomphakathi zamelana nemizamo yokuqokwa futhi zigcine ukuzimela kwazo futhi zalungisa amaqhinga azo.
Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezikhungo zokulandisa ezisebenza kanzima, impi eqhubekayo yomphefumulo waseNingizimu Afrika, futhi, isezandleni zabantu baseNingizimu Afrika. Uma nje besagcine amazinga aphezulu kangaka okuxoxisana benolwazi, izwe linethemba lokuguqula umzuzwana wenkohlakalo ube yithuba lenguquko. Umphakathi waseNingizimu Afrika ukhombise kaningi ukuthi awuzesabi izingxoxo ezingakhululekile futhi uzibona ungumgcini woMthethosisekelo. Indlela enjalo, kanye nomzamo wokuqinisa uhlaka oluminyene lwezikhungo zokulandisa, uyisifundo hhayi nje kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika kodwa nakwenye izindawo emhlabeni jikelele.
Izinsiza Ezengeziwe
- UThabo Leshilo, “I-ANC Esenkingeni: Iqembu Eliphethe LaseNingizimu Afrika Lilwela Ukuhlala Libalulekile – Izifundo Ezingu-5 Ezibalulekile ,” Ukuxoxisana, Disemba 15, 2022.
- UJakkie Cilliers, “Isho Ukuthini I-ANC Elimele Ngamathemba aseNingizimu Afrika?” I-ISS Namuhla, Disemba 6, 2022.
- U-Ivor Chipkin, “iPhala Phala akayona Inkinga eNingizimu Afrika; Kuyinhlekelele kaCyril Ramaphosa kanye ne-ANC,” Daily Maverick, Disemba 4, 2022.
- UPaul Nantulya, “Intando Yeningi YaseNingizimu Afrika Iyavivinywa,” Spotlight, Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, May 23, 2017.
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