Q&A: Lessons in Preventing Genocide in Africa since Rwanda
As mass atrocities increase in Africa, scholar Samantha Lakin reflects on lessons learned in the 23 years since Rwanda’s genocide that could help prevent future atrocities.
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Preventing Genocide: Africa’s Evolving Normative and Institutional Framework
Despite continuing crises on the continent, important norms, practices, and institutions have emerged since the Rwandan experience with the objective of preventing genocides.
Protecting Vulnerable Populations from Genocide
The Framework of Analysis for Atrocity Crimes describes specific risk factors that signal increases in susceptibility of a country to genocide. Awareness of the warning signs is important, for if states were to wait for an escalation in violence to meet the legal definition of genocide before acting, it would be too late to stop it. One risk factor most associated with genocide is identity-based discrimination. To prevent genocide, states must have the will to protect their citizens’ human rights and promote the rule of law. Providing a safe place for diverse peoples to coexist peacefully builds states’ resiliency.
Why the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights Matters
Despite limited enforcement capacity, the African Court provides an avenue for redress when national judiciaries are unable to dispense justice, underscoring its instrumental role in promoting norms and standards of conduct on the continent.
Understanding the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s Push for MONUSCO’s Departure
Many Congolese dread the withdrawal of UN peacekeepers, believing government forces are unable to provide security in the eastern DRC.
African-Led Peace Operations: A Crucial Tool for Peace and Security
African-led peace operations have been vital tools for managing Africa’s complex array of security challenges, though continued reform is needed to intervene more decisively in the continent’s most devastating conflicts.
Sudan Conflict Straining Fragility of Its Neighbors
The conflict between Sudan’s rival military factions is triggering massive population displacements that are stressing the region’s already fragile coping systems. More than 7.2 million people have been internally displaced and almost 2.2 million have fled the country since April 15, 2023.
Intervening to Undermine Democracy in Africa: Russia’s Playbook for Influence
Russia has systematically sought to undercut democracy in Africa, both to normalize authoritarianism as well as to create an entry point for Russian influence.
Rwanda and the DRC at Risk of War as New M23 Rebellion Emerges: An Explainer
The seeming rapid deterioration of security in the eastern DRC and resurgence of M23 are an outcome of longstanding regional rivalries between Rwanda and Uganda.
The African Union at 20: Much Accomplished, More Challenges Ahead
To be more meaningful to the lives of citizens and to better realize the vision of its founders, the African Union will need to empower its technical, legislative, and judicial institutions.
What the Post-Coup Agreement Means for Sudan’s Democratic Transition
Sudan’s democratic transition is under duress as the military seeks validation for its hold on power via the reinstatement of a figurehead civilian prime minister.
Cries from the Community: Listening to the People of Cabo Delgado
Stabilizing northern Mozambique will involve more than defeating violent extremists. It will also require rebuilding trust with marginalized and traumatized local communities.