![DDR in the Congo. Photo: MONUSCO. DDR in the Congo. Photo: MONUSCO.](https://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/Disarmament-of-FDLR-combatants-1000x405.jpg)
DDR in the Congo. Photo: MONUSCO.
The classic approach to disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR) is faltering in an environment that now includes violent extremism and transnational mercenaries. Countering violent extremism and de-radicalization must be integrated within DDR. As has been seen by the number of well-educated and middle-income recruits to violent extremist organizations, DDR must refocus its goal from socioeconomic reintegration to social cohesion as a precondition to sustainably reintegrate former fighters.
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