senegal_anti-Wade_protestsAfrica Center for Strategic Studies, November 2011.

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Africa’s governance landscape changed remarkably in 2011. The Arab Spring demonstrated the possibility of tangible change from popular protest and sparked a broader debate about the legitimate claims on authority across the continent. The past year has also seen noteworthy democratic advances in Guinea, Côte d’Ivoire, Niger, Nigeria, and Zambia, among other places. While governance patterns have shifted, formidable crosscurrents complicate Africa's democratic trajectory. A range of priority actions by African and international actors are needed to support expanding democratic norms in the region.