Migrants, Weapons, and Oil: Europe and Libya After the Sanctions. By Derek Lutterbeck. Journal of North African Studies, 2009.
With UN sanctions and an EU arms embargo lifted by 2004, Libya increasingly cooperated with international partners on immigration control, arms sales, and energy production. This led, among other things, to an increase in Libyan purchases of European military equipment. The case provides pertinent lessons for the challenges of managing relations with authoritarian states while maintaining core principles of democracy and human rights.
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